Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory
ISSN 0854-4263
Vol. 17 / No. 1 / Published : 2010-01
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Original Article :
Quantification of gram staining on various specimens
Author :
- Adhi Kristianto Sugianli*1
- Ida Parwati*2
- Department of Clinical Pathology Faculty of Medicine Padjadjaran University dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung
- Department of Clinical Pathology Faculty of Medicine Padjadjaran University dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung
Abstract :
In a clinical microbiology laboratory the Gram staining is used to classify bacteria on the basis of their forms, sizes, cellular morphologies, and Gram reactions. Additionally it is a critical test for rapid presumptive diagnosis of infectious agents and serves to assess the quality of clinical specimens. Several methods of Gram staining quantification are already applied: Canadian Coalition for Quality in Laboratory Medicine (CCQLM), Clinical Microbiology Proficiency Testing (CMPT), and World Health Organization (WHO). Each method consists of several criteria for quantification and its interpretation, such as neutrophil cell (polymorphonuclear cells), squamous epithelial cell, and number of microorganisms. Those methods aren’t limited in sputum specimen, but also could be used for other specimen such as urine, vaginal discharge, and other body fluids. These methods are also could be used as screening for specimen before it is continued into further testing. Even though there is several limitation for each method, quantification method of Gram staining could be provide better diagnostic value in microbiology laboratory as an early detection in the examination to get better diagnosis as well as treatment. Pemeriksaan pulasan Gram merupakan pemeriksaan identifikasi bakteri berdasarkan bentuk, ukuran, morfologi secara selular dan reaksi pulasan. Peranan pulasan Gram dalam laboratorium mikrobiologi adalah sebagai pemeriksaan awal dalam mendiagnosis suatu infeksi (presumtif) dan melakukan penilaian kualitas bahan pemeriksaan. Beberapa metode kuantifikasi dan interpretasi pulasan Gram telah diterapkan, yaitu berdasarkan Canadian Coalition for Quality in Laboratory Medicine (CCQLM), Clinical Microbiology Proficiency Testing (CMPT), dan World Health Organization (WHO). Kriteria penilaian kuantifikasi dan interpretasi pulasan Gram meliputi sel neutrofil (polymorphonuclear cells), sel epitel skuamos serta mikroorganisme yang ditemukan. Penerapan metode-metode yang tersedia tidak terbatas hanya pada bahan pemeriksaan sputum saja, namun dapat diterapkan pada berbagai jenis bahan pemeriksaan lain seperti urin, sekret vagina, dan cairan tubuh lain. Metode kuantifikasi ini bermanfaat pula sebagai skrining atau penilaian awal kualitas bahan pemeriksaan sebelum dilakukan pemeriksaan lanjutan. Meskipun setiap metode yang telah diterapkan memiliki keterbatasan, namun metode kuantifikasi pulasan Gram ini dapat memberikan nilai diagnostik yang lebih baik dalam peranannya sebagai pemeriksaan awal guna mendapatkan diagnosis dan pengobatan yang tepat.
Keyword :
Gram staining, Quantification,
References :
1. Canadian Coalition for Quality in laboratory Medicine,(2004) Guideline for Quantitative Interpretation of Gram Stains Kanada : CCQLM Microbiology Working Group
Church D, Melnyk E, Unger B,(2000) Quantitative Gram Stain Interpretation Criteria Used by Microbiology Laboratories in Alberta Kanada : J Clin Microbiol
Clinical Microbiology Proficiency Testing Guideline ,(2003) Clinical Microbiology Proficiency Testing Guideline USA : Clinical Microbiology Proficiency Testing Guideline
Chua ML, Barez MYC, Santos M, et al,(1996) The Value of Prompt Culture of an Adequate Sputum Specimen in predicting the Potential Etiology of Community Acquired Pneumonia USA : Phil J Microbiol Infect Dis
Gal-Oz A, Kassis I, Shprecher H, et al,(2004) Correlation Between Rapid Strip Test and the Quality of Sputum USA : Chest
Archive Article
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 Volume : 17 / No. : 1 / Pub. : 2010-01 |
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