Veterinaria Medika
ISSN 1979-1305
Vol. 2 / No. 2 / Published : 2009-07
Order : 9, and page :123 - 136
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Original Article :
Male infertility: sperm dna damage, reactive oxygen species (ros) and the key role of protamine molecule
Author :
- Muslim Akmal*1
- Aulanni’am*2
- Agung Pranowo W Mahendra*3
- Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam Banda Aceh
- Fakultas MIPA Universitas Brawijaya, Malang
- Fakultas MIPA Universitas Brawijaya, Malang
Abstract :
Aproximately 50% of infertility issues are attributed to male factors. A numbers of different factors may result in similar reductions of sperm count or motility and affect sperm morphology. Not only is the etiology of male infertility difficult to understand, but it is equally challenging to treat male infertility because of its etiological heterogeneity. Protamine are the major DNA-binding proteins in the nucleus of sperm in most vertebrates and package the DNA in a volume less than 5% of a somatic cell nucleus. Human sperm contain similar amounts of protamine-1 (P1) and protamine protamine-2 (P2). Although aberrant protamine ratios have been observed in infertile men, functional evidence is provided by protamine knockout mice exhibiting male infertility. Protamines are essential for compaction of the sperm nucleus and to protect the DNA from damage. There is now clinical evidence to show that damage to human sperm DNA may adversely affect both poor embryo development and poor pregnancy outcomes. As sperm DNA integrity is known to be linked with DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. Sperm DNA damage and sperm dysfunction has been associated with high level of ROS.
Keyword :
sperm, reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA, molekul protamine, .,
References :
Agarwal, A and T.M. Said,(2003) Role of sperm chromatin abnormalities and DNA damage in male infertility . : Human Reproduction Update
Aitken, R.J., E. Gordon and D. Harkiss,(1998) Relative impact of oxidative stress on the functional competence and genomic integrity of human spermatozoa . : Biol. Reprod
Aitken, R.J., and C. Krausz,(2001) Oxidative stress, DNA damage and the Y chromosome . : Reproduction
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Volume : 2 / No. : 2 / Pub. : 2009-07 |
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