Majalah Biomorfologi
ISSN 0215-8833
Vol. 25 / No. 2 / Published : 2012-07
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Original Article :
Kontribusi inflamasi terhadap patogenesis penyakit parkinson
Author :
- Reza Maulana*1
- Viskasari Pintoko Kalanjati*2
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Abstract :
Parkinson’s disease is one of neurodegenerative diseases which is the second most common after Alzheimer’s disease in the world. It is a chronic disease with selective loss of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta (pc) of the midbrain. The disease represents a complex interaction between the inherent vulnerability of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, a possible genetic predisposition, and exposures to environmental toxins including inflammatory triggers. Until now, the exact cause of Parkinson’s disease remains uncertain, but recent studies suggest neuroinflammation and microglia activation play important roles in Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis. Evidence now suggest that chronic neuroinflammation and systemic inflammation are consistently associated with the patophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. Activated microglia and increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokine such as Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, RANTES, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Nitric Oxide (NO) have been reported from Parkinson’s disease patients and in animal models of Parkinson’s disease. The blood brain barrier permeability dysfunction is also a contributing factor to the pathology of this disease. In this review, we discuss about neuronal cell pathology in Parkinson’s disease, its possible relationship with neuroinflammation and systemic inflammation, blood brain barrier disfunction and pro-inflammatory cytokine released during the disease’s progressivity. Lastly, we also review the epidemiological data suggest about the inflammation and the increased risk of Parkinson’s disease. More research are needed to undercover the role of inflammation in Parkinson’s disease. With a better understanding about the relationship between inflammation and Parkinson’s disease cross-talk, the bright future with the possibility of specific immunomodulatory drugs play a role to limit a progressivity of Parkinson’s disease is no longer just a dream.
Keyword :
Parkinson’s disease , inflammation, microglia, pro-inflammatory cytokine,
References :
Broussolle, E. et al.,(1999) Relation of putamen and caudate nucleus F-Dopa uptake to motor and cognitive performances in Parkinson’s disease - : Journal of the Neurological Science
Carr, J.,(2001) Tremor in Parkinson’s disease - : Parkinsonism and Related Disorder
Cersosimo, M. G. & Benarroch, E.E.,(2011) Autonomic involvement in Parkinson's disease: Pathology, pathophysiology, clinical features and possible peripheral biomarkers. - : Journal of the Neurological Sciences
Chen, H. ,(2008) Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers and risk of Parkinson's disease - : Am J Epidemiol.
Collins, L.M. Toulouse, A. Connor, T.J. & Nolan, Y.M.,(2012) Contributions of central and systemic inflammation to the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease - : Neuropharmacology
Archive Article
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 Volume : 25 / No. : 2 / Pub. : 2012-07 |
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