UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA



Detail Article

MOZAIK HUMANIORA

ISSN 2442-8469

Vol. 14 / No. 2 / Published : 2014-07

Order : 8, and page :219 - 230

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Original Article :

Hammer-sickle in hero city: the political role of communists in surabaya in the guided democracy period 1957-1966

Author :

  1. Pradipto Niwandhono*1
  1. Dosen Fakultas Ilmu Budaya

Abstract :

Keberadaan  PKI  sebagai  kekuatan  dominan  dalam  percaturan  politik  di  tingkat  nasional  maupun  lokal tidak terlepas dari kebijakan Presiden Sukarno dalam periode Demokrasi Terpimpin. Situasi politik masa itu  ditandai  oleh  ‘segitiga’  keseimbangan  kekuatan  yang  melibatkan  kekuatan  militer  di  satu  sisi,  kaum komunis di sisi lainnya serta Presiden Sukarno sebagai sentral atau sumbu kekuasaanya. Di Kota Surabaya, PKI unggul dalam pemilu untuk memilih anggota DPRD pada tahun 1957, dua tahun setelah pemilu pertama dilaksanakan  secara  nasional.  Kemenangan  kaum  komunis  ini  telah  mendorong  peningkatan  pengaruh mereka dalam pemerintahan Kota Surabaya selama tahun-tahun Demokrasi Terpimpin Sukarno. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk merekonstruksi dinamika golongan komunis terhadap politik lokal di Surabaya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sepak terjak golongan  komunis  di  Surabaya  dibagi  ke  dalam  dua  hal.  Pertama,  kemunculan  kekuatan  dominan  PKI dalam kekuatan politik di pemerintah kota setelah mampu meraup suara yang terbanyak di Pemilu 1955. Di wilayah parlemen pusat, PKI telah melakukan terlebih dahulu sejak awal tahun 1950-an ketika kerjasama para tokohnya terhadap Sukarno terus menguat untuk bersama-sama dalam semangat anti-kolonial menentang kekuatan Barat di daerah. Kedua, kebijakan PKI yang mendasarkan diri pada teori konflik Marx menuntun ke  dalam  gerakan  sosial  perkotaan  yang  berasal  dari  kalangan  buruh  dan  mengkampanyekan  agenda aksi sepihak untuk mendukung land reform yang telah ditetapkan oleh Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria. Kampanye tersebut menguatkan adanya polarisasi antara kelompok abangan dan santri yang merupakan salah satu faktor mengapa partai komunis dihancurkan setelah peristiwa kegagalan kudeta 1965.Kata kunci: demokrasi terpimpin, komunis, politik lokal, reformasi tanahAbstractThe existence of the Communist Party as the dominant force in politics at national and local level cannot be separated from the policies of President Sukarno during the Guided Democracy period. The political situation of the time was marked by the ‘triangle’ balance of power involving military forces on the one hand, the communists on the other side, and President Sukarno as a central or axis of power. In the city of Surabaya, PKI exceled in the elections to choose members of parliament in 1957, two years after the first elections held nationwide. The victory of the communists had prompted an increase in their influence in the government of the city of Surabaya during the years of Sukarno’s Guided Democracy. This research aims to recontruct the dynamics of Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) within the local politics of Surabaya, especially  during  the  period  of  Sukarno’s  guided  democracy.  PKI  involvement  in  local  politics  was distinguishable into two categories. The first was the emergence of PKI as dominant political power in the municipal government after their fascinating triumph in the general election of 1955. The parliamentary path had been done by the PKI since the early 1950’s with their political cooperation with Sukarno and PKI’s support for anti-colonialist campaign against Western powers. The second was that PKI policy based on Marxian class conflict theory which led into social movement of urban lower classes, such as labour strikes and the campaigns of ‘unilateral action’ to support the land reform program by the government. This  campaign,  strengthened  by  the  polatisation  between  the  cultural  stream  of  abangan  and  ‘santri’, became one of the main factors why the communist party became badly destructed after the failed coup attempt in 1965.Keywords: Communism, guided democracy, local politics, land reform

Keyword :

Communism, guided democracy, local politi, land reform,


References :

Simpson, Brad,(2013) “The Act of Killing and the Dilemmas of History. (2): 10-13. : Film Quarterly 67





Archive Article

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Volume : 14 / No. : 2 / Pub. : 2014-07
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  2. A Protrait Of People’s Oppression In Hary Kori’un’s Nyanyian Kemarau
  3. Form And Function Of Bima Language Operator
  4. Humanist Teachings Of Sunan Drajad
  5. White” Ideology Is Still Colonizing Us
  6. Ready To Be Real?: The Construction Of Beauty In Prêt-à-porter’s Film Cinematography By Robert Altman
  7. Japanese Pragmatic Imperative Sentences In Nobuhiro Doi’s Hanamizuki Film
  8. Hammer-sickle In Hero City: The Political Role Of Communists In Surabaya In The Guided Democracy Period 1957-1966
  9. The Centrality Of The King In The Structure Of The Royal Palace In Yogyakarta
  10. The Influence Of Sentence Element Awareness On English Language Proficiency Test’s Score