UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA



Detail Article

Folia Medica Indonesiana

ISSN 0303-7932

Vol. 42 / No. 3 / Published : 2006-07

Order : 10, and page :183 - 195

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Original Article :

Antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use in low-income and developing countries

Author :

  1. Usman Hadi*1
  2. Erni P Kolopaking*2
  3. Widjoseno Gardjito*3
  4. Inge C Gyssens*4
  5. PJ van den Broek*5
  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Airlangga University School of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
  2. Department of Pharmacy, Airlangga University
  3. Department of Urology, Airlangga University School of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
  4. Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
  5. Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Abstract :

The threat to human health posed by antimicrobial resistance of bacteria is a worldwide and ever growing problem related to the use of antibiotics as is demonstrated by numerous examples of which some are discussed in this review. Resistant bacteria emerge by the selective pressure of antibiotics. Information about antibiotic use in developing countries is limited. We found quantitative data about 15 low-income and developing countries, and data about the appropriateness of antibiotic use of 3 countries. Important determinants of antibiotic use playing a role in prescribers, dispensers and customers are lack of knowledge of antibiotics, economic incentives, and marketing influences. A prerequisite for an adequate fight against ever increasing rates of resistance is information about the quantity and quality of antibiotic use. Methods to measure quantity and quality are discussed. The prudent use of antibiotics should be promoted. WHO has set a number of targets to improve antibiotic use, among which are changing behaviour of prescibers by introduction of guidelines and education about preferred antimicrobial therapy.

Keyword :

Anti-bacterial agent, hospital, community, developing country, Indonesia,


References :

AGREE,(2001) Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation London : St Georges's Hospital Medical School

AMRIN study group,(2005) Antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic usage and infection control. A self-assessment program for Indonesian hospitals Jakarta : Directorate General of Medical Care, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia

F Ansari,(2001) Use of systemic anti-infective agents in Iran during 1997-1998 no info : Eur J Clin Pharmacol

F Ansari,(2001) Utilization review of systemic antiinfective agents in a teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran no info : Eur J Clin Pharmacol

N Aswapokee,(1990) Pattern of antibiotic use in medical ward of a university hospital, Bangkok, Thailand no info : Rev Infect Dis

S Vaithayapichet,(1990) Pattern of antibiotic use in medical ward of a university hospital, Bangkok, Thailand no info : Rev Infect Dis

RF Heller,(1990) Pattern of antibiotic use in medical ward of a university hospital, Bangkok, Thailand no in



Archive Article

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Volume : 42 / No. : 3 / Pub. : 2006-07
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