Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory
ISSN 0854-4263
Vol. 19 / No. 1 / Published : 2012-01
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Original Article :
M.tuberculosis in innate immunity associated with the receptors
Author :
- Jusak Nugraha*1
- Bag PK FK-UNAIR/RSU Dr. Soetomo Surabaya
Abstract :
Various attemp to investigate immune response towards tuberculosis has been done in order to eradicate or to make vaccination against tuberculosis (TB) effectively. Recently it is known that innate immunity has an important role in immunity to TB despite adaptive immune response, because it was proved that adaptive immune response alone was not sufficient to eradicate this microorganism thoroughly and completely in patient’s body. After Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) was found in the end of the 20th century, many progresses has been obtained in understanding about the activation of this innate immune response. But it is still needed to understand more deeply in the immune response to M. tuberculosis to lead the development of therapy or vaccination that bring into more precise target. The activation through TLR by parts of Mycobacterium induce cytoplasm protein adaptor MyD88 (Myeloid Differentiation factor 88). MyD88 has the function to activate NF- κB and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokine such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12. Involvement of MyD88 is not solely dependent of TLR2 receptor and there are another pathways to induce protective function of immunocompetent cells in TB. Berbagai upaya untuk mempelajari respons imun terhadap tuberkulosis telah dilakukan dalam rangka memusnahkan penyakit maupun pembuatan vaksin tuberkulosis (TB) yang tepatguna. Kedua sistem imun, baik alami maupun adaptif berperan untuk melawan kuman TB masuk. Sistem imun yang adaptif telah banyak dipelajari pada perjalanan penyakit TB yang terutama diperankan terkait sel. Namun, akhir-akhir ini diketahui bahwa respons imun alami juga memegang peranan penting untuk imunitas terhadap TB, selain respons imun yang adaptif tersebut. Hal tersebut terbukti dalam respons imun yang adaptif saja tidaklah cukup untuk memusnahkan kuman secara menyeluruh dan lengkap di dalam tubuh pasien. Setelah ditemukan Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) pada akhir abad 20, banyak kemajuan yang didapat pada pemahaman aktivasi imunitas alami ini. Namun, masih perlu ada pemahaman yang lebih mendalam terhadap respons imun M.tuberculosis untuk mengarahkan perkembangan ke arah pengobatan maupun vaksinasi agar mendapatkan sasaran yang tepat. Aktivasi melalui TLR oleh bagian mikobakteri mengimbas protein adaptor sitoplasmik MyD88 (Myeloid differentiation factor 88). Fungsi MyD-88 akan mengaktivasi NF-κB dan mensekresi sitokin pro inflamasi seperti TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12. Pembentukan MyD88 tidak banyak bergantung kepada reseptor TLR2 dan bahkan ada jalur lain yang dapat mengimbas fungsi perlindungan sel yang imunokompeten di TB.
Keyword :
Innate immunity, mycobacterium tuberculosis, TLR,
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